WRITING FREE

I wrote my first big story in fourth grade. I called it, Adventures on the Amazon.  It’s now lost to history, but I remember organizing it into chapters.

Chapters were a big deal. I’d never written anything so long that it could be divided into paragraphs, much less chapters.

Each chapter was a littlekid-against-nature story. I battled hungry piranhas, pygmies with blow-darts, hippopotami, elephants, boa constrictors, fire ants, and so on.

It was a long story. My teacher awarded an and invited me to read before the class. When I finished, my classmates applauded, so I decided to keep writing.


In fourth grade I wrote, Adventures on the Amazon. It took place in an exotic setting in a world I never visited.

My next big project was in seventh grade. In long-hand, I wrote a four-thousand word story about torture called, I am not a Coward.  In it I tortured my brother to death to prove to the townspeople I wasn’t a coward. When I carried my dead brother into the heart of town to show the people what I had done, they weren’t proud of me like I hoped. Instead, they turned on me in horror and stoned me to death, while I screamed I am not a coward, I am not a coward!

I can’t tell you why I wrote Coward.  I lack the courage to tell anyone why. I suppose I’ll be taking my reason to the grave. I really am a coward.

Before I showed the story to anyone, I taught myself to type. I thought, a story this good has to be typed. It deserves the simple dignity of a formal type-set. So I spent the summer with a book I talked mom into buying called Teach Yourself to Type in Ten Weeks. I used it over the summer, between seventh and eighth grade, to give me the skills to type out my masterpiece.

It felt like I’d conquered the world, once I finished the typing. I had taught myself to type and written an incredible story, all without the aid of a teacher. It was important to me and a source of pride.

I decided to read, I am not a Coward, to my family. Dad gathered everyone into our small living room for the dramatic presentation. Excitement lay on every face. Billy Lee had written a story. He could write. Everyone beamed with anticipation. They were proud of me, it was easy to see. I cleared my throat and began:

They say I am a coward. They say I watched my brother burn to death without lifting a finger to save him.


image
Despite my short-story to the contrary, I’ve been a coward my entire life.

Dad lifted his hand. Hold on there, Billy Lee, he said, white-faced. He ordered everyone to leave the room.  I think it would be better if you read this story to me, first.  After the last family member had scampered away, he motioned for me to start.

So I read the story through to the end, while he sat across from me, silent. It took about a half-hour. When I finished, he paused to gather his thoughts. Billy Lee, he finally said. That’s the finest piece of mis-directed talent I’ve ever heard. Please don’t read it to anyone else.  

It’s just not possible to suppress a story that rises to the level of I am Not a Coward. Over the next few months I gave private readings to friends, when Dad wasn’t home. After a while I had read it to everyone I knew, so I hid my story to protect it.  

How I was able to preserve and protect my story over the years is nothing short of miraculous. I lived in a Navy family, after all. We moved every two years or so. My dad liked to say that every move is like a house fire. Things burn-up. Things get misplaced and go missing. Yet almost sixty years later, I am not a Coward survives.

During high school I wrote a number of stories that teachers asked me to read before students. I won’t bore you.  But one story slowed my momentum. In ninth grade a closeted-gay teacher led my creative writing class. I submitted a story about a Navy medical corps-man who hid his gay identity.

The teacher seemed to dislike it. He gave it an A-minus. He told me I was a lazy writer, because I used too many adjectives. More powerful verbs and adverbs were the answer.  Even today, as I write, his comments roll around inside my head. I still love adjectives. Some of them are just perfect, as far as I’m concerned.


japanese economy
Based on my experience living in Japan during kindergarten, I wrote a graduate level paper on a Japanese company I invented. It received an ”A.”

In college, money was scarce. To earn money for beer or whatever, I wrote term papers for people. I wrote under-graduate papers on economics, history and english, mostly. I charged by the grade, so getting an A was important.

I wrote only one paper at the graduate level — a microeconomics study on a currently successful Japanese company selected by the student.  I invented the company I selected. Everything about it was imagined — even its name was fiction. My customer’s grade?  A.  I knew nothing about economics or Japan. Yes, I had taken a freshman econ class, and yes, I had lived in Japan — when I was in kindergarten. Apparently, it was enough. My writing career was on fire.


Joint Issue was an alternative community newspaper. Alternative didn’t mean the writers could write whatever they liked. This cover parodied a roadside billboard, popular in 1970, where a uniformed police officer was shown providing resuscitation to a drowning child. The caption on the sign said, ”Some call him Pig!”  Police felt unfairly persecuted in the 1970s during the anti-Vietnam war movement when they clashed sometimes with protestors during demonstrations.  

Eventually I dropped out of college to join the anti-Vietnam-war movement.  I worked on staff for a community anti-war underground newspaper. All articles were critiqued and followed a commonly agreed to set of values. I found I wasn’t free to write, because every piece had to get by staff who had their own ideas about what was appropriate for our fifteen-thousand readers.

Though I continued to write and publish, my articles never seemed to rise to the level of good. People read our paper. It was highly circulated for an underground. We did some things right, I suppose. But I can understand why staff-writers on newspapers and magazines today feel the same pressures I did to conform to the values of the people who decide if they will be published. No one is the Lone Ranger, especially where writing is a business driven by profits or, in our case, ideology.

I stopped writing during my career as a mechanical engineer and machine designer. But eventually, after four decades, I retired. I thought, maybe it would be fun to start writing again. My writing skills lay rusty, in ruins, really. Why not start a blog, I thought to myself, and write about what I’ve learned and know? Maybe I’ll write about things I don’t know, too. Maybe I’ll pontificate, if I feel like it. Who can stop me? I had this crazy idea I could write anything. If I sounded like a communist at times, so what? Who was going to fire me? I was retired. I was free, and I was going to write like it.

Some in my family were blustering and pontificating on Facebook, crowding out the pictures and videos of grandchildren. I thought, why not give people another place to pontificate? It might go a long way to help free up the space we depended on to provide news about our little people. I figured readership would be tiny. I would fly under the radar of hostile readers, if hostile people actually lived in cyber-land as was sometimes rumored.


archie comic 3
Gays and straights had problems with my story about a gay physician’s assistant.

The first unusual thing happened right away, after I published a short story about a gay physician’s assistant. Almost immediately a swarm of Asian bots from the women’s apparel industry attacked my site. Anonymous comments piled up fast. More bots landed from USA cosmetic and high-fashion sites. What was going on?

I reread my article. It was supposed to be neutral. It was supposed to describe the gulf between gays and Christians on the subject of marriage and hint at some possible common ground of interest and attitude. But the writing was poor. The article tilted strongly toward a Christian point of view. It lacked ambiguity and neutrality — important components in articles designed to make people think.

I rewrote the story. And I put restrictions on comments. From now on each comment would be reviewed before posting to make sure it was from a living person. Overnight, the attacks stopped. I had peace on my blog-site. My family could continue to indulge me, reading my pontifications to help me feel loved and listened to in my old age, I supposed.

I puttered along writing articles about everything and anything that popped into my head. After writing about twenty-five posts, I decided to do something different: something bold; something experimental. I would self-disclose my sexuality and challenge readers to drop their prejudices against gays. I wrote the article, tidied it up and pushed the publish button. All hell broke loose.*


wordpress stats
Site views were running ten times normal.

WordPress, keeper of my blog-site, alerted me to unusually high view volume. I looked up my stats. Site views were running ten times normal and piling up fast. At first I thought, wow, people like my blog.

The truth was, some thought I was advocating for homosexuality. They believed my views were against the Bible, inspired by satan, and possibly embarrassing to my family. People swarmed my site trying to understand the article and how to respond to it. Some decided that, unless I took down my post, they would turn me in to church-elders, a necessary prelude to (if I didn’t cooperate) church-discipline, even to possible excommunication.

But by then church leaders were already rummaging through my articles. Some articles, they found wanting. Their attitude was, since I belonged to their church, because I was a baptized covenant member, I certainly was not free to say anything I wanted. Everything I wrote had to be consistent with scripture and what they thought it said. To show they meant business, they disbanded my Bible-study group and removed me from leadership.


heresy Inquisitor's guide Bernard Gui
Church leaders expected me to comply. Comply, I did.

Church leaders wrote me a letter which included a bullet-list of concerns. They announced my punishments. They presented another list; this time, demands. They expected me to comply, and comply is what I did.

I took down the offending article. My seventy-one year old wife was recovering from open-heart surgery. All her friends are in our church. The last thing we needed was to undergo an excommunication. Like Galileo, who blasphemed Jesus and the Catholic church by making the absurd claim that Earth was not the center of the universe, it was recant or be tortured — because having my blog ripped out from under me feels like torture. I didn’t see it coming.

Church leaders say they love me and want what’s best for my soul. I believe them. It’s what I want too. And truth is, my article was edgy. It pushed a lot of boundaries, even mine. I didn’t like some parts of the article either, it turned out. No one wants to go to Hell. No one wants to forfeit the love of Jesus. No one wants to lose friends they’ve had for decades over an article or two in a blog. I get that. I feel it, too.


angel 2
I want to write; unafraid, if possible.

Decades spent in prayer, renouncing sin, loving the unlovable, giving aid to the wretched — the things we do as part of submitting to the will of Jesus — these things are supposed to humble us. But I want to write, unafraid, if possible. I can’t know, always, if something I write is going to offend someone well versed in the theology of our church.

In life, we all want to get it right.  I don’t want to upset anyone. But no one gets it right one-hundred percent of the time; not even close. Even with a team of the best advisors available, no one gets it right all the time. Entire nations of praying people march off the cliffs of history, sometimes.

I have this idea that in America we have freedom of speech only if no one is listening to us. As soon as a handful of people start reading our stuff, even if it’s just family and a few Facebook friends, some people make it their business to bend us to their ideas of what is appropriate.


Try to speak freely. If people start to listen, you could be in for a sad surprise.

Freedom of speech means little more than bragging-rights to the people who run our country and manage our institutions, it seems to me. They brag to the world about how free we are; how easy it is to speak our minds. But try to publish. See what happens.

Start a blog and try to find your voice. Speak freely, tell it like it is, as you, your unique self, sees it — uncensored and unafraid — if only with your family and close friends. If you think America is the land of the free, you might be in for a sad surprise.

Billy Lee

* Note: we’ve included a link to the re-written, re-titled and sanitized version of the original article, Christian Love and Gay Pride. The rewritten version, which better articulates the views of Billy Lee, is called, Gay Love and Christian Pride.  The Editorial Board

XANAX

During my teens I followed a TV series called Twilight Zone.  Rod Serling hosted and wrote most of the shows — but not all.

One episode has stayed with me: Number 12 Looks Just Like You. John Tomerlin adapted it from Charles Beaumont’s 1952 story, The Beautiful People.


Rod Serling 1959. Heavily censored by sponsors before he got his own show — Twilight Zone — Rod wrote freely until death at age 50 following multiple heart attacks, the last during surgery.

As I remember the story, people in some imagined future-world valued harmony. They thought unattractive people divisive and a threat to world peace.

They demanded that government use its powers to enable folks to better love and accept one another, which required that every member of society agree to a surgical procedure, called the transformation.

Surgeons transformed each person into one of a dozen archetypes — each archetype identified by researchers as appealing to all other people.


Collin_Wilcox_1958 twilight zone number 12 looks just like you
Collin Wilcox played Marilyn Cubele. She died of brain cancer in 2009.

The heroine, 18-year-old Marilyn Cubele, decided against having the surgery because her father committed suicide after learning to regret his transformation — it cost him his identity, he said. Nevertheless, Marilyn’s friends and family pressured her to go along.

After all, everyone else was having the procedure, they argued. Did she really want to be less attractive around beautiful people?

Eventually Marilyn broke down and agreed.

The surgery went well. The doctors administered a drug to ease her mind; to help her accept what was done; to reduce chances of post-procedure depression like her father suffered.

In the last scene, Marilyn confides to her best friend. “Valerie, you know the nicest part…? I look just like you! 


ayn rand
Ayn Rand, author of Virtue of Selfishness and Atlas Shrugged. Ms. Rand died at 77 of heart failure.  Economist Alan Greenspan attended her funeral.

At about the same time another writer caught my attention, this time from print media. I began to collect and read everything available from the novelist Ayn Rand. I even subscribed to her newsletter, The Objectivist.

Ayn Rand marketed herself as a utopian idealist who believed capitalism and minimal government worked best for rational human beings. I attended a lecture by this unusual woman, and wanted to meet her, but that story is for another time.

Ayn Rand is relevant to this article on Xanax, because she wrote about an ideal world where reality forced a certain fairness on people and on society in general. If people did irrational things, their lives unraveled; they tended to fall into disarray. Rand believed happiness must be earned. It shouldn’t be acquired without intellectual effort. It wasn’t a birthright.

People were to strive for and achieve happiness through rational thought and action; by right-living.  Joy was not something just anyone could bestow on themselves with a drug, legal or illegal. Rand could not imagine a future where people would display bad or irrational behavior yet continue to experience a comforting happiness, all because they took tranquilizers and antidepressants.


Xanax, 0.25 mg. I took up to six a day to stop episodic ventricular tachycardia
Xanax, 0.25 mg. I took up to six a day to help prevent episodic supraventricular tachycardia, until surgery made them unnecessary.

But now, decades after Ayn Rand’s death, researchers have learned that people may suffer depressions for no easily discoverable reasons. Depression, it’s now known, may have nothing to do with behavior or right-living. In some people, it is a chemical imbalance in the brain and hormonal system that could have any number of causes not necessarily related to behavior.

Because depression is the main reason for suicides, doctors often prescribe antidepressants and other mood-elevating drugs — like Xanax — to suffering people. The clinical results are often amazing.

Psychiatrists today spend much less time administering expensive and time-consuming therapies, like psychoanalysis and out-patient counseling. The right drug, properly prescribed, is sometimes all it takes to rescue people from their emotions-gone-awry.

In the 1960s and 70s, before tranquilizers and antidepressants were widely accepted and prescribed, most public schools required students to take Health Class as part of Gym.  

Instructors taught that people suffering emotional distress had two options. They could change their environment — or change themselves.  The third option — drug-rescue — wasn’t on the table. Many drugs available today hadn’t yet been invented.


Supra ventricular tachycardia
Supraventricular tachycardia is a fast regular heartbeat. It feels like a little bird in your chest, flapping its wings.

I’ve never taken antidepressant drugs, so I don’t know how I might react to them. But I suffered for years from a heart arrhythmia called supraventricular tachycardia. Doctors prescribed a number of drugs to control it, including the mood elevating tranquilizer, Xanax.

Although it’s been a few years since my last exposure, I am familiar with Xanax, having used it daily for years during two separate periods. I quit the drug twice, once by tapering, and once suddenly — providing direct experience of its “dependency” properties, which for me at least were mild. Everyone is different and readers are advised to follow strictly only their doctor’s instructions. 

For those who have never used it, the main thing I can tell you about Xanax is that it works as advertised. If you suffer from panic attacks (the cause of some episodes of tachycardia), Xanax stops them cold.

If you suffer from anxiety, Xanax stops that kind of suffering as well. The first time I took this brand of benzodiazepine, I dropped to my knees and thanked God for the people who invented it. Just knowing the drug is out there, gives me confidence to live without it. It’s that good, at least for me.


social anxiety disorder-cognitive-therapy
Didn’t suffer social anxiety when taking Xanax. Didn’t grow hair, either.

One thing I didn’t suffer while on Xanax was irritable bowel syndrome — an anxiety driven disorder that bothered me a lot when younger. Weeping stress blisters on my feet cleared-up completely.

Though baldness continued to plague me, social anxiety disappeared. I became somewhat fearless. I took risks in social situations unthinkable in pre-Xanax years. Most times, benefits outweighed risks.

Occasionally, I crossed boundaries with bad results. I still do but not as often. For some reason I want to believe that feeling the pain of social anxiety is morally superior to being dependent on a drug that eliminates it.

And truthfully, Xanax taught me what it felt like to live free, without fear. Once I knew it was possible — that my body and mind were capable of it — I let the drug go.

I guess I felt like Marilyn Cubele, the Twilight Zone girl, who didn’t want to be surgically transformed.  It has something to do with the dignity of the human spirit, as writer John Tomerlin put it in Number 12.  

I want to believe I can be happy without drugs — to think I can face life without a pill or injection to get me through.

The nicest part? — I want to be just like you.

Billy Lee

Note from the Editors: Despite the heroics claimed in his essay, Billy Lee continues to use Xanax to control anxiety and relieve the strain on his heart from chronic coronary artery disease.  26 November 2019

CONFESSING UNDER TORTURE


How do I write a confession when I don't know how to write?
How do I write a confession when I don’t know how to write?

I was tortured. I confessed to everything.  As I write I am unsure I will have courage enough to publish. For one thing, the odds seem good I may have actually done some version of the shameful things I confessed.

Shame is a powerful motivator. It drives a person to hide, to cover-up, to deny, to forget. It can induce a form of stress psychologists call cognitive dissonance. The chasm between what I think I am and what my tormentors tell me I am becomes too wide. The personality begins to unravel.


fear 2
N-no.  M-my eye doesn’t itch.

Fear, on the other hand, drives a person to act, to survive, to do whatever it takes to reach safety.

Or it can induce a state of paralysis.

Either way, fear intensifies cognitive dissonance to a level where the accused becomes intolerant. Dissonance becomes painful. The sufferer must find release. One way is to confess — confess and become compliant.


I'm sorry regret anguish


This dynamic works well when a person believes they’ve done wrong, and not well when they don’t. Inducing fear to intensify shame is one thing torturers do. When managed skillfully, guilty people confess their crimes. The innocent don’t — most of the time, anyway.

It’s why torture works. Confessing reduces shame through the cathartic admission of guilt. And it offers the hope of freeing the confessor from further physical discomfort.

If torture is not overly arduous, an accused person has a chance to resist with enough vigor to establish their innocence.


crazy man 2
”You stole my contacts,” Wild-Man said.

I’m not going to detail what the authorities did to get me to write a four-page signed confession. But the gist is, they threw a psychotic arrestee into my cell. The first thing he did was grab my shoes and hurl them against the wall. (The authorities had told me to tie them together to use as a pillow.)

Wild-Man accused me of stealing his contact lenses. I looked him in the eyes and told him as carefully and with as much love as I could muster, it was good he came to my area, because now we could look for his contact lenses together.

We spent the next twenty-five minutes on our hands and knees searching every square inch of my tiny cell.


confession legal pad


When the authorities realized I had taken control of Wild-Man, they came into the cell and led him away. After a few minutes passed, a uniformed woman brought me a legal pad and asked me to write my confession.

Unsure of what was coming next I sat on the cold floor and started to write. Forty-five minutes later on page three I began spilling my guts; I confessed to everything I thought they thought I did.


one girls confession


Many unnerving things occurred after I “confessed.” As I struggled to sleep, someone slammed a steel door over and again to keep me awake. Someone pumped bone chilling cold into my cell. The air made me shake and induced an arthritic pain from which I suffer to this day.

After a night of no sleep someone served a breakfast of curdled milk and soggy hamburger.

Eventually the authorities released me. I learned then that the city newspaper had published parts of my confession on its editorial page.


bad puppy dog regret shame anguish
I was doing OK, until they fed me bad hamburger.

I decided to fully cooperate with the various authorities who handled me during the following months or years, whatever it was going to be. After pleading guilty, a judge sentenced me to probation and community service.

I worked hard. Case workers reported I was remorseful and repentant. They added, I was cooperative and helpful. During community service the people I worked for reported that I was conscientious. I fixed things that were broken. I looked for novel ways to help the needy people who relied on people in trouble with the law to assist them for no fee.

The authorities expunged my crime from public records. The judge set aside my guilty plea. My torturers assured me that my anonymity would be protected as long as I remained the model citizen that I always was before my arrest.

Best of all, they will confirm that I have not committed even a single crime since. Their modification of my behavior has been a complete success.

Billy Lee

ON AGING

Aging is taking a toll on me. I had warning. Mom and Dad lost everything as they aged. It wasn’t what they expected.


Billy Lee celebrates another year closer to death.

They imagined they’d lose some friends, have health issues, lose some mobility. They didn’t expect to lose their entire family, all their friends and all their power. They lost their beauty, their charisma, their common sense and, finally, their minds.


Mom & Dad open a present
Dad’s 85th birthday. Within eight years both he and mom died.

One thing my dad tried was to keep his losses to himself. On some level he wanted to spare his children the fear of knowing; on another level he may have believed a positive attitude would lift up those people around him still left. But in the end futility seized him. He could no longer play golf or read or drive a car. He got depressed and took pills to keep going. Aphasia robbed his ability to speak.

My mom was devoted to my dad. Whatever he said or didn’t say was fine with her. She developed a brain disease that took her memories, short term and long, but she remembered Dad to the end. She never stopped asking where he went and when was he coming home.


grandpa dad clack two days before he died
Dad, 48 hours before he died.

My journey down this tunnel to hell is just beginning. My kids want me to go quietly without complaint — no whimpering, no crying, no embarrassing emotional displays or theatrical grand-standing, like I do in my blog — whatever.

I’m not built that way.

Billy Lee

Click here for Final Thoughts before life is gone for good…

SCALE

The visible universe is big. Most scientists believe the invisible universe — the universe no one can see — is really big.

If the Universe shrunk down to where Earth became the size of a period at the end of a sentence, how big would it be?

When I was a kid, questions like these fascinated me; what harm is there to revisit a few?

About 100 dots the size of the period at the end of this sentence must be strung together to make an inch. We can imagine shrinking Earth to the size of one of these dots, then plugging-in the numbers to calculate the scale of everything else. It turns out that the observable universe shrinks to a diameter of about two light years.

Since a light year is nearly six-trillion miles, the universe is fantastically big. At this reduced scale, the size of the universe remains pretty much incomprehensible.


In this pic, the Sun sits directly behind Saturn, which is backlit by it. Earth is the tiny dot inside the illustrator’s circle to Saturn’s left. Earth is hundreds-of-millions of miles into the page—behind the gas-giant and its rings. Click pic to enlarge in new window.  

When Earth becomes a period (or dot), the Sun shrinks to close to an inch in diameter — or 2/3 the diameter of a ping-pong ball. [regulation ping-pong balls are 1.575″ in diameter] The dot-sized Earth orbits 10 feet away. Neptune, the farthest planet, is smaller than a BB — a tiny ball of methane ice almost one football field distant (97 yards).

The distance light travels in a year shrinks to 120 miles — a speed approaching  ¼  inch-per-second. The distance to Alpha Centauri, the nearest Sun-like star, shrinks to 500 miles. The star Alpha Centauri shrinks to a ball that is only slightly larger than our under-sized ping-pong ball-sized Sun.

Think about two 1″ diameter ping-pong balls separated by 500 miles. Imagine trying to commute between these balls when the top speed is less than  ¼ inch-per-second. Of course, nothing travels at the speed of light. At speeds typical of spacecraft today, it takes 100,000 years to reach Alpha Centauri.

At the scale where Earth is a dot, one might wonder what is the size variation of stars. It turns out that most suns (stars) in the universe range in size from a grapefruit to a pea. 

Of course, outliers exist like Deneb, the blue-white supergiant visible in the Summer Triangle. At 203 times the size of the Sun, it shrinks to 17 feet or so in diameter depending on how accurately anyone cares to scale things. Rare super-giants are larger; some are 75 feet or more in diameter at this scale. But in the Milky Way Galaxy, our undersized ping-pong Sun is one of the larger stars. 

Is there another way to grasp how large the universe is?

The Milky Way Galaxy — the Sun orbits its center in the space between two of its outermost spiral-arms — is 100,000 light-years across. If the Milky Way was reduced to the dimensions of a coin the size of a quarter, the visible universe (the universe that can be seen with telescopes) would collapse into a sphere of space 15 miles in diameter.

In such a reduced sphere of space, large galaxies become the size of Frisbees but outliers like the mammoth IC1101 are the size of truck tires. The smallest galaxies shrivel into mere grains of sand. Distances between galaxies diminish to 100 feet or so but variations are huge because galaxies tend to cluster together to form groups, which are separated from one another by vast distances.

At this scale, astrophysicists say that the presence of galaxies that cannot be seen (because the distances between our Milky Way Galaxy and the farthest-away galaxies recede faster than the speed-of-light) makes the entire universe, visible and beyond, a minimum of 50 miles in diameter. Light, believe it or not, stands still at this scale. No human observer during their lifetime would notice any movement at all of light or any other phenomenon.

Even the faster-than-light expansion of the universe would be unobservable.

According to physicist, Stephen Hawking, it takes a billion years for the universe to expand by 10%.  Five miles (10% of 50) during a period of one billion years is 7 billionths-of-an-inch per day. During a human lifetime the expansion adds to 2 thousandths-of-an-inch (.002″) — less than half the width of a strand of hair.

At the scale where the Milky Way Galaxy is the size of a quarter, the entire universe would appear to be frozen solid during the span of a human lifetime.


molecules 3
Artist’s view of water molecules. Molecules are the smallest structures that can be directly observed (with the help of special sensing instruments and computer generated enhancements). Molecules are the building blocks of all things.

What about tiny things?

To examine the scale of the very small we can imagine enlarging molecules, the building blocks of all things, to the size of the same period-sized dots.

How tall might an average person be? After again plugging in the numbers and calculating, it turns out that a human stretches to a height of 1,000 miles. The eye expands to an orb 15 miles across.

Molecules are small. But at this imagined scale — a scale that requires  sophisticated instruments to discern — individual molecules become visible. They grow to look like little dots separated by distances only a bit larger than the dots themselves. Sadly, no one can see the individual atoms that make up the molecules. Even at this enlarged scale, they are too small.

No instruments or microscopes can be constructed to enable anyone to “see” atoms. Physicists believe atoms are real because they see the evidence left behind as their debris moves through the detection mediums of cyclotrons, colliders, and other sensors.

Since 1981 physicists have used scanning tunneling microscopes (STMs) to “feel” the forces of atoms with “nano” probes. A computer algorithm plots the forces and creates pictures of atoms, which with this method look like stacked billiard balls.

Billiard balls is not what quantum objects “look” like because quantum objects can’t be seen using human vision but at least scientists can prove that lumps of energy exist and are arranged in patterns that can be analyzed. It’s a start. It’s something.

Models of atoms studied in science class at universities around the world are contrived to help make sense of the results of many experiments. They are somewhat fanciful. 

As for living cells — the basic building blocks of all biology — people are able to observe them under magnification because every cell is built-up from many billions of molecules. Some human cells have trillions. The size of a typical cell at the scale where molecules are expanded to about the size of three-dimensional dots is about 60 feet across.


scale fabric of universe
Artist’s large scale view of the universe.

The gulf between the very large and the very small strains credulity but science says it’s real. When thinking about it, I am overcome by wonder and the despair of not knowing why or how.

Theoretical physicist Nima Arkani-Hamed has said that the gulf between the very large and the very small is required to balance the force of gravity against electrical forces in celestial objects like planets. He has pointed out that the ratio of the surface area of a typical atom and the surface area of a typical planet mirrors the difference between the two forces.


Nima Arkani-Hamed, one of the world’s top theoretical physicists, makes a point.

The huge difference between the force of gravity and the force of electricity makes the gap between the very large and the very small essential in a universe that works like ours; the difference in scale is necessary and inevitable, Nima has said. 

If the ratio moves too far from this balance — if the surface area of an object gets too big — gravity will overwhelm the electrical forces that hold the atoms apart to cause the object to light up from a process called fusion, which can leave behind a shining star. A much larger object will collapse to become a black hole

Why is the gap between the force of gravity and the electrical force as vast as the difference in surface area between a typical planet and a hydrogen atom? How did the ratio get that way?

No one knows. The values of the forces seem as finely tuned as they are arbitrary. Nima Arkani-Hamed and others are working to understand why. 

Another mystery: Why is the universe so big?

Even Nima Arkani-Hamed admits he doesn’t have the answer — not yet, anyway. Perhaps the answer lies in the geometry of spheres, which is the basis of the Billy Lee Conjecture discussed in the essay Conscious Life.



Speaking of spheres, everyone knows that billiard balls are polished smooth, right?  Earth, after being shrunk to the size of a pool ball, is smoother and less blemished; more perfectly round. Exhale on a pool-ball to create a mist that is 10 times deeper at scale than the deepest ocean on Earth.

Do the math.

It’s true.

As a child my nightmare was of an enormous whale crushing a tiny flower. A psychologist told me that the whale was a parent; I was the flower. 

Maybe.

But the universe captures my nightmare. It’s really big and I am so very small, helpless, and lost within its vast expanse. 

Billy Lee